Unicode

Formally called The Unicode Standard is most widely used code page in the world. It is short for Universal Coded Character Set.

UTF

The Unicode standard defines encoding methods known as Unicode transformation format (UTF). These are UTF-8, UTF-16, and UTF-32, which specify possible byte stream data representation of Unicode.

UTF-8 and UTF-16 are variable-length encodings, meaning that characters can be stored using different numbers of bytes. On the other hand, UTF-32 directly encodes all Unicode code points using a fixed 32-bit format.

Among these encoding methods, UTF-8 is the most widely used, possibly due to its backward compatibility with ASCII.